Group Members: Behar Mustafa, Besart Alshiqi, Egzon Shkuliqi, Flutra Xhemshiti, Leotrim Krasniqi

Trash Management in Kosovo

Aresimi dhe aftesimi ne nderrmarsi ne Kosove. "Menagjimi i mbeturinav". Reterived November 7, 2012, from http://www.zarate-consult.de/kosvet3/alb/m5/KEET_M5_LU5_L1/menaxhimi_i_mbeturinave.html

Waste management is the collection, transport, processing, recycling or disposal of waste materials, usually produced by human activity in an effort to reduce their effect on human health, aesthetics or comfort. In the last decades has been an emphasis on reducing the effects of waste materials in the natural world and the environment and finding those benefits.

 Albania — European Environment Agency (EEA). (n.d.). European Environment Agency's home page — European Environment Agency (EEA). Retrieved November 6, 2012, from http://www.eea.europa.eu/soer/countries/al/soertopic_view?topic=waste

Here we can see that how the INPEAL is helping Albanian country to manage their waste/trash. And they have bring some strategies which will be implemented in 2025.

The Delegation of the European Union to the Republic of Serbia | 2009. (n.d.).Delegacija Evropske Unije u Republici Srbiji | Pocetna. Retrieved November 4, 2012, from http://www.europa.rs/en/mediji/arhiva-vesti/2009/647/The+success+of+the+EU+project+is+a+step+forward+for+Serbia+in+the+European+integration+process.html

Here we can see how EU helped the Ministry of Health in Serbia to manage their medical waste. The donation that came from EU countries, has bring some positive thoughts to the Ministry of Health because they think that, now on they will be  more prepared to manage medical wastes.The Serbian country is one of the most producers of medical waste in Balkan.  

23/07/12, K. L. (n.d.). Macedonia, region aim to meet EU waste management standards (SETimes.com). Today (SETimes.com). Retrieved November 4, 2012, from http://setimes.com/cocoon/setimes/xhtml/en_GB/features/setimes/articles/2012/07/23/reportage-01

This article show the problem that Balkan sates are having with trash management. It explains that how EU has helped these states to manage their own waste/trash (medical waste, household waste etc.) However they are still having lots of problems especially Macedonia and Albania because they produce a large amount of waste with low opportunities to manage those trash/waste.  

23/07/12, K. L. (n.d.). Macedonia, region aim to meet EU waste management standards (SETimes.com). Today (SETimes.com). Retrieved November 4, 2012, from http://setimes.com/cocoon/setimes/xhtml/en_GB/features/setimes/articles/2012/07/23/reportage-01

Here in this article we can see how the EU is supporting and helping the Balkan states to manage the the trash. 

What is waste - A multitude of approaches and definitions | UNEP/GRID-Arendal - Publications. (n.d.). UNEP/GRID-Arendal - Home*. Retrieved November 4, 2012, from http://www.grida.no/publications/vg/waste/page/2853.aspx*

This is an article that talks about the different definitions and approaches to waste. It brings some definitions about what waste is, from the Basel Convention and the United Nations Statistics Division. It describes how waste can be defined by different criteria, such as origin, toxicity, management, etc.
Ramsey County PH. (n.d.). Ramsey County Online Home. Retrieved November 4, 2012, from http://www.co.ramsey.mn.us/ph/rt/types

Here in this article we can find the types of trash that company "Ramsey County" generate for each year.  As we can see from this website there are different types of waste, for example: Construction and Demolition Waste, Electronic Waste,Food Waste and Organics,Household Hazardous Waste,Infectious Waste,Medication Waste,Municipal Solid Waste,Additional Resources.

Purcel, B. Steiner, M.(2007) " Modern Waste Management For Kosovo". Retrieved November 1, 2012, fromhttp://www.slideshare.net/BPfanpage/modern-waste-management-for-kosovo

In 2007 a workshop took place in Kosovo about the Modern Waste Management. Waste policy & law before or directives,must come waste policy. Bad policies make bad law and vice-versa. Laws without policies are even worse. Need to develop policy setting capacity to ensure consensus building before legal drafting 'The most useful step in improving the quality of legislation is the recognition that policy development is an essential precursor to drafting law' Laws without Policy, Kosovar Institute for policy research and development. This workshop also covered waste strategy, waste policy renew and also International work covering Kosovo, the Russian Federation, Lebanon and Ireland.  

Martel, J. (2003). Analysis of the Waste Management Practices at Bosnia and Kosovo Base Camps. Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, n.a. , 1-26. Retreived October 30, 2012, from http://www.crrel.usace.army.mil/library/technicalreports/TR03-6.pdf

ABSTRACT:

In June 2002, the main American base camps in Bosnia and Kosovo were visited to record the types of facilities being used for waste management and to identify any lessons to be learned. This study concluded that the Army should develop a deployable wastewater treatment system for base camps. Development of such a system would avoid the costly set-up and take-down operations required with conventional plants. Also, Eagle Base and Camp Bondsteel would benefit from installing composting operations for sludge stabilization and disinfection. The water supplies are potable at both locations. There is no longer a need to supply drinking water in plastic bottles, so eliminating them will significantly reduce the solid waste stream.

L.Sandvik, H. (n.d.). Let’s Do It, Janjevo! . Norway - the official site in Kosovo*. Retrieved October 30, 2012, from http://www.norway-kosovo.no/News_and_events/Policy/Lets-Do-It-Janjevo-/*

This article talks about the ‘Let’s Do It, World’ project, a project which Kosovo also became part of it.  This is a project of voluntary cleaning, where people go out on a day and give their effort to clean their environment. The project was supported by the Norwegian Embassy in Kosovo. ‘Let’s Do It, Kosova’ took place on the 24^th of May, and it was organized all over the country. The ambassador of Norway joined the volunteers in Janjevo, a village under the municipality of Lipjan, inhabited by Kosovars and Croats as well.

10:16pm
Menaxhimi i mbeturinave. (n.d.). Portali Shteteror i Republikes se Kosoves. Retrieved October 30, 2012, from https://www.rks-gov.net/sq-AL/Qytetaret/AmbientiDheNatyra/Pages/MenaxhimiMbeturinave.aspx

Waste usually is created during the processing and transformation of materials and energy forms. In everyday life we have two kinds of wastes: Industrial waste and wastes that come from workshops.  Waste can have bad effect in human lives, through the creation of incentives to diseases. The smell of the waste can have bad effect in earth and in environment too. As the biggest polluters are estimated to be mercury, cadmium, substances whose composition found arsenic and various alloys difficult biological dissolved organic for example dissolution of organic links with large amounts of chlorine or substances that can cause cancer such as: flammable substances that are based gasoline as and problematic waste like household waste abattoir hospitals. Some of the biggest pollutants of environment are those that are produced every day such us: Batteries, accumulators, Hospital waste, infectious animal expired drugs, Rubber and Plastic Waste, Electrical and electronic waste etc. However, something positive has happened the waste law has been adopted, this law aims: Protection of human health and environment from pollution and risk of wastes.  But, there is a way to diminish the risk from waste which is Recycling. By recycling we will reduce the amount of waste that is present in society. 

Menaxhimi i mbeturinave të Prishtinës 2012-2016 - Komunat - KosovaTimes. (n.d.). Ballina - KosovaTimes*. Retrieved October 30, 2012, from http://www.kosovatimes.net/?page=1,3,2960*

In the Municipality of Prishtina has been presented the plan of trash management which will include from year 2012 until 2016. Isa Mustafa, who is the leader of Prishtina, was very satisfied with this process. Meanwhile, the head of Public Services Agim Gashi, has presented the whole plan of this process, claiming that the first phase will include the incorporation of all the actors in detecting and identifying the problems on this issue.

The second phase will include the creation of adequate laws and finding a proper way to finance this project. Lately, new containers have been provided to the citizens. Among these containers, 250 of them were bought from the Municipality, and 50 others were provided from GIZ.Also, the leader of German organization GIZ, Gabriela Beker, has pleaded the citizens to pay attention and take care of the environment by paying the services that are offered to them. She added that, in the near future this organization will help in separating the trash into, plastic, paper and other materials, enabling the process of recycling.

WASTE MANAGEMENT ACTION PLAN FOR THE MUNICIPALITY OF PRISHTINA - [SGEM@Lib OnLine Scientific Library]. (n.d.). *International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference and Expo ? SGEM: ISSN 1314-2704, DOI 10.5593/sgem2010, ISI Web of Science IDS Number: BUA32{}. Retrieved October 30, 2012, from http://www.sgem.org/sgemlib/spip.php?article441*

Since the rapid urbanization of our capital city the waste management has become a serious problem. Many companies have tried many different techniques and methods like Reducing, Reusing and Recycling. Prishtina has been experiencing many difficulties with waste collection. This Research plan will involve all companies of the trash management sector in the Municipality of Prishtina. Finally the action plan will be developed and it will be settled for the better management in waste collection.  

Mbeturinat komunale. N.A., n.a.*. Retrieved October 30, 2012, from http://www.ammk-rks.net/repository/docs/Mbeturinat_komunale.pdf*

There is no waste management system in Kosovo that provides a complete data for generating collecting treatment and disposal. A high percentage of the urban population is covered by organized waste collection, however there are not enough equipment and places to put those wastes. Organized collection of waste is mostly decided in rural areas. In this article it tells about some of the types of waste: waste construction destruction which is 10 % , other waste 18% , we have in higher percentage the waste of ash and grime which is 45% etc.   

Menaxhimi i mbeturinave . (n.d.). Zarate Consult - time for it. Retrieved October 15, 2012, from http://www.zarate-consult.de/kosvet3/alb/m5/KEET_M5_LU5_L1

This is an online article from a consulting compnay. Ittarts with defining what materials are considered to be trash. It also lists the types of trash, and at the and it has a paragraph about the management of trash. The article suggests that trash management of non-dangerous residentional and institutional trash is repsonsibility of the municipality, while the manangement of non-dangerous trash commercial and industrial trash is repsonsibility of the producers itself. 

Japonezët të interesuar për menaxhimin e mbeturinave në Kosovë . (n.d.). Telegrafi. Retrieved October 30, 2012, from www.telegrafi.com/ekonomi/japonezet-te-interesuar-per-menaxhimin-e-mbeturinave-ne-kosove-46-5590.html

Representatives of the Japanese International Cooperation Agency expressed their interest to invest in the project management and recycling of waste. This event was welcomed by people of Kosovo. Municipality people told that they are working everyday to make more green spaces for citizens and they were ready to cooperate with Japanese International Corporation Agency. The Japanese Int.C.Agency represents were ready to help us but, they firt should bring experts for several years in Kosovo, bring their equipments for the implementation of project. This event will cost approximately to 10 million Euro. Deputy Director General of the Department of Middle East and Europe Mr. Satoshi sad that his country is willing to help Kosovo especially the capital city (Prishtina) as soon as possible.    

Menaxhimi i mbeturinave pritet të kaloj në kompetencë të komunave | AKKAKK. (n.d.). AKK | Portali informativAKK | Portali informativ . Retrieved October 15, 2012, from http://komunat-ks.net/menaxhimi-i-mbeturinave-pritet-te-kaloj-ne-kompetence-te-komunave/

This article is more of a news report. The article reports that a delegation from the Association of Kosovo Municipalities had a meeting with Mr. Dardan Gashi - the Minister of Environment and Spatial Planing - and with Mr.  Ramadan Sejdiu - Head of Policies and Supervision of Public Enterprises.  The representatives of local authority and those of central authority agreed upon, among others, that the competencies for trash managment to be completely transferred to the municipalities, the tariffs for trash management  be set from the central authorities, etc.

Ahmeti, H. (2010, December 4). “The report for Trash Management.” http://www.kosovo.undp.org/repository/docs/Asssesment_on_waste_management_situation_in_Dragash_ALB.pdf. Retrieved October 16, 2012, from www.kosovo.undp.org/repository/docs/Assses

1.2.1. Laws and Administrative Guidance’s for Trash in Kosova (UNDP)

The field of administration of trash in Kosova is regulated through the Law for trash, No. 02/L-30. The aim of this Law is the protection of people’s health and the protection of environment from the pollution and the risk of trash, through well organized administration of thrash, creating proper conditions for the minimization and elimination of the production of trash and its negative outcomes, through:

-          The development of pure technologies and the efficient use of it;

-          The development and the use of the products which are designed to lower the negative outcomes of trash and the danger of pollution;

-          The development of efficient techniques for the legalization of dangerous substances that are contained through trash during the processing;

-          The process of trash through recycling, reuse, or through any other process that enables getting back secondary matters;

-          The burn of trash as a source of energy;

-          The remediation of contaminated places from the trash.

In order to supplement the law for trash, there have been approved administrative guidance’s;

-          Administrative guidance for the administration of used oil trash;

-          Administrative guidance for the trash that comes from constructions and demolitions;

-          Administrative guidance for the trash that comes from the batteries and wasted accumulators;

-          Administrative guidance for the administration of thrown cars and their trash;

-          Administrative guidance for packaging and trash packaging’s;

-          Administrative guidance for the power of owners and the operator ;

-          Administrative guidance for the administration of the landfills of trash;

-          Administrative guidance for the administration of dangerous trash;

-          Administrative guidance over the conditions of finding the location to build the landfills;

-          Administrative guidance for the administration of trash from electric and electronic devices;

-          Administrative guidance for the destruction of the trash from the medical products;

-          Administrative guidance for the administration of medical trash;

-          Administrative guidance for the import, export and transit of trash;

-          Administrative guidance - mandatory punishment;

-          Administrative guidance – the removal of trash from the public.

The Republic of Kosovo signed an agreement for technical cooperation for the Project for Enhancement of the Capacity for Waste Management toward Sound Material-cycle Society | JICA Balkan Office | About JICA | JICA. (n.d.). *JICA - ?‘?Û?¦?Í?@?{}. Retrieved October 30, 2012, from http://www.jica.go.jp/balkan/english/office/topics/topics110218.html*

Prizren is an ancient city whose visage is colored deeply by the days of the Ottoman Empire. It is a very beautiful city with old stone bridges, mosques and other historical features. With inadequate garbage collecting equipment and a decreased operating capacity due to aging equipment, however, empty lots and rivers have become illegal dumping sites, making proper management an urgent task. To improve the garbage collection capacity of Prizren, JICA will implement this project for three years, providing cooperation with the objective of increasing the collection rate to 70 percent. During the cooperation period, a 3Rs approach reduce, reuse, recycle will be employed not only to improve waste management by the government, but also to increase the awareness of residents. In Prizren and other areas, I look forward to spreading JICA’s experience with cooperation throughout the nation of Kosovo as this project contributes to the development of a stronger friendship between Japan and Kosovo.