Team Vision for Integrated System Build & Test Phase

At the end of the previous phase we had the motion and extruder systems largely put together, but they were missing some components in order to test the integration of the subsystems with the Duet. Specifically, the motion axes were not completely mounted to the frame due to issues we ran into during frame assembly and the extruder motor was not tested with the SSR/Duet because we were still in the process of testing nozzles/overall extruder design before integrating it with the electronics. During this phase we hoped to test the Extruder and Motion Subsystems against the Engineering Requirements to ensure that they were met.  Along side this, Hopper was to be manufactured and test however issues found in the motion subsystem testing and time to manufacture the hopper has not been able to be tested.  In addition, the the configuration files for the Duet for the control of the system were to be further developed to ensure proper configuration for full system testing. 

Summarize:

  • This phase consisted of the testing of the extruder to ensure that it met Engineering Requirements. This testing saw the discovery of a handful of engineering requirements that would need to be changed.
  • The motion system was to be completely assembled and tested. This process found several parts that needed to be remanufactured due to tolerance issues.
  • The Hopper was to be built and tested this phase but this was not possible to be fully completed due to the higher priority that was placed on the motion refits.
  • The Duet was to have a proper configuration file developed for both extrusion speed and motion control. Extrusion speed was able enter late development but the motion system took more time to get started as the system was being properly assembled and functioning preceded the development of the configuration controls of the motion for the duet.

Test Results Summary

During this phase the team was able to continue some preliminary testing and begin official testing of our engineering and customer requirements. The Requirements and Test Plans file provides detailed coverage of these plans and their current results. Below is a highlight of what the team completed this phase.

Preliminary Testing

Along the way to completing the printer, several preliminary tests were conducted. These are listed below with a description and results. Some results warranted additional work that is shown in section "Major Adjustments". 

Preliminary Testing

Description

Results

Duet, SSR, and simple LED circuitCreated a small circuit to verify Duet/SSR and PWM control. Circuit was an LED, and three 100 ohm resistors connected in series.Success: Found that the system works at low frequencies (<10Hz), but anything beyond 10Hz results in increasing error between commanded Duty Cycle and actual Duty Cycle. This is due to the SSR not being able to switch fast enough.
Reservoir StructureRedefined materials and shape, changed the method of manufacture form fiberglass to welded steel, redefined the tubing diameter.

Major Changes: Please see below for explanation.

Tubing between Reservoir and ExtruderTubing to be purchased has been adjusted based on availability.Major Changes: See below
Motion testing - YTeam ran motion through the duet to see if a full Test could be conducted

Major Change: Ball screw binding, see below


Motion testing - ZTeam ran motion through the duet to see if a full Test could be conducted

Major Change: Ball screw binding inconsistently due to rails catching, see below

Test Results 

After the summary table break down into the major test that were conducted.

Test

Results
S1-Inter-Print Repeatability

Not tested at this time

S2-Teardown testNot tested at this time
S3-Cleaning TimeNot tested at this time
S4-Extruder Bead and Flow

Tested the mortar extruder subsystem with nozzles. Tested nozzles of various designs, quantified extruder reliability, min bead width, max bead width, and bead width deviation. Created mortar test structures.

Requirements:

ER13 (Nozzle Shape)- Does not meet expectation

ER17 (Extruder Flow Reliability)- Meets marginal value

ER27 (Min bead width)- Does not meet expectation

ER28 (Max bead width)- Meets marginal value

ER30 (Bead width deviation)- Meets marginal value

S5-Intra-Print RepeatabilityNot tested at this time
S6-Strength Test of PrintIn Progress (started developing tests during extruder tests)
S7-Student Usability TestingNot tested at this time
S8-Printer MeasurementsIn Progress
S9-Reservoir Capacity & DeliveryNot tested at this time
S10-Complex GeometryNot tested at this time
S11-Duet & Extruder Integration

Tested the control of the DC wiper using a solid state relay and PWM output from Duet. Found that the SSR is limiting the PWM frequency to a max of 20 Hz. Extruded mortar with this setup. Tested for the minimum and maximum concrete mass flowrate, adjustability, air bubble size, and air bubble composition. Created mortar test structures.

Requirements:

ER05 (Min mortar mass flow rate)- Meets marginal value

ER06 (Max mortar mass flow rate)- Caution only first test point met marginal value

ER24 (Adjustable flow rate of mortar)- Meets marginal value

ER26 (Air-bubble radius)- Meets marginal value

ER29 (Air-bubble bead composition)- Meets marginal value


Requirement Changes

During testing we realize some of our initial engineering requirements were more strict than they needed to be for this project. This lead to failed tested when the system was acceptable for the task it is given. We learned we would fail our testing based on non-critical metrics which required the team to reflect and make adjustments. These changes are shown below. 

Engineering RequirementsChange
ER05

Modified: Set a minimum value but learned that operating below that value was still acceptable for the application of this project. Target range was expanded to accommodate our achieved minimum mass flow rate.

ER28

Modified: Set a maximum but learned that operating above that value was still acceptable for the application of this project. Target range was expanded to accommodate our maximum bead width.


Major Adjustments

During our preliminary testing, some problems arose that required more attention to make adjustments. This section highlights some major changes made.

CauseRemedial adjustments madeAdditional Notes
Change in material choice for hopper

Originally the plan was to make the hopper from a combination of MDF, 2x4 studs, and fiber glass. After talking to RIT Machine shape and having scrap steel provided and assistance with welding it was decided that it would be best to make the hoper of sheet metal. This change also required a shape change from a square truncated pyramid shape to a triangular truncated pyramid shape. The new design is pictured below:

The material has been cut and is currently being welded by the machine shop. This should be completed no later than Monday. The tube attachment point will be JB welded aluminum tube as it was not possible for us to find scrap steel tube.
Hopper Tubing was found to be too small for concrete delivery. Unable to purchase 2" tubing.The tubing diameter was changed to 3in corrugated flexible tubing. An example of the tubing can be found at: LinkDiameter of exactly 3in tubing isn't easy to find in reasonable lengths a discussion to going up to 3.5 in diameter would allow for reasonable lengths of tubing to be purchased.
Right hand y axis ball screw binding

Redesigned X-to-Y mount to allow a better fit. Disassembled ball screw assembly to verify alignment and add steel ball bearings.

Y binds at specific location still however can traverse 94% of required movement and 86% of the ballscrew length
Z axis ball screw binding sometimes. Appears to be due to rails catching

Created parts to connect left and right y axis so they move together, hopefully fixing the issue.

Fix not implemented yet, possible the rails and y axis 8020 will need to be replaced and/or redesigned.
Mortar extruder cannot extrude through nozzlesBead width adjustments can be done through varying bed to nozzle z-offset and extruder mass flow rate. Many different nozzle designs, sizes, and shapes were tested but we were unable to get any of them to work. We will continue discussion with our guide and customer to try to remedy this ongoing issue.


Risk and Problem Tracking

Our updated Risk Management Tracking. Below is a high level overview of what we have addressed the last few weeks. 

Risk Changes

Reasoning

Hopper system leaks concreteMitigate: Adjusted plans to the hopper should limit the possibility of this risk.
Not enough fundingMitigate: Watching our budget very closely. Have a list of all items potentially need based on priority. We should be within our budget.
Managing the elevated weight of the cement mixture (120 lbs)Mitigate: With new location, a 1/2 ton motorized lift is available for our use. This eliminates some risks the reservoir previously held.
Reservoir leaks material onto rest of systems/motorsMitigate: Plans for a fiberglass reservoir have been made for a fully sealed reservoir. Some risks of leaks at joints exist.
Concrete Setting in ExtruderRemediate: Will develop clear cleaning instructions when full model is assembled.
Extruder does extrude mixtureRemediate: Growing chance this will happen, problems will be addressed based on the severity of the clogs when full model is complete. Concrete recipe may be modified.
Debugging code

Remediate: All code issues are being addressed as soon as they are noticed.

Concrete mixing system can't properly mix the concrete mixtureTransfer: No longer utilizing a mixing system. Users will hand mix material. The team will provide clear mixing instruction but cannot control how well solution is mixed.
Previous design does not meet our requirementsAccept: Some of the past teams designs are not exactly what we need. Some adjustments have been made and current team continuous to work with what we have.

Functional Demo Materials

Include links to:

Plans for next phase

During this next phase, we plan on creating a solid, repeatable test script for the printer, now that the motion axes are complete. We also want to mount the extruder to the printer and have it print concrete using the previously mentioned test script.  Properly set up the printer such that it can accept exported g code files from a slicing software. Run through system test methods and write the corresponding test reports in preparation for the customer hand off. Finally we plan to prepare the customer hand off report to conclude this project.


Task

Due

Sequence

Description

Time

Member

Purchase Tubing for Hopper4/2/2021Nothing PrecedingFinalized tubing decision and purchase1 dayNicola
Finalize Physical build4/21/2021ASAPMake changes to physical build for final design1 weekTyler
Finalize CAD4/28/21After physical changes are completedUpdate CAD to match as close as possible to real life1 weekTyler
Create CAD Physical pdf documentation5/5/2021To be done after CAD is completeCreate PDF documentation for creation, assembly, and disassembly of the printer1 weekTyler
Create simple, repeatable, Gcode script for testing4/9/2021NothingGcode script to send the motion in a simple circle, making a tall cylinder. Will use this to test extruder/printer integration.3 hours

Anthony

Add limit switches to system4/9/2021NothingNow that the extruder is set up and verified to be working we can begin the extruder/duet integration2 hours

Anthony

Electrical Documentation4/30/2021NothingDocument all the electrical/software1 weekAnthony
Complete 75% of the writing for the Technical Paper4/15/2021In progressComplete 75% of required writing for the technical paper.2 weeksEntire Team
Complete 75% of the work for the Poster4/8/2021In progressComplete 75% of required writing for the technical paper.1 weekMeghan
Final Copy of Technical Paper Submitted4/22/2021After Technical Paper rough draft is completecomplete final copy of the technical paper.1 weekEntire Team
Final Copy of Poster Submitted4/15/2021After poster rough draft is completeComplete final copy of the poster.1 weekMeghan
Attach Safety Labels4/5/2021NothingPrint all safety warnings and attach to printer in respective locations.3 daysMeghan
Finalize CAD models4/7/21Extruder testing is completeClean up file structure and finalize CAD models1 dayDerek
Create final wiring harnesses for extruder4/7/21Extruder testing is completeCreate wiring harness for extruder, SSR, and power supply1 dayDerek
Complete User Manual Rough Draft4/25/2021After entire printer is tested.Develop the rough draft of the user guide including set up, running, teardown, recipe, and safety precautions.3 weeks2-3 member team
Complete Final copy of User Manual5/3/2021After rough draft is completed.Finalize the User Manual.5 days2-3 member team
Conduct S1-Inter-Print Repeatability4/25/2021After printer is able to print concreteTest the repeatability of samples within one print cycle5 days2-3 member team
Conduct S2-Teardown test4/25/2021To be done last,Testing the disassembly procedure of the printer. Needs to be timed, number of tools needed should be tracked, and size should be measured.5 days2-3 member team
Conduct S3-Cleaning Time4/25/2021To be done after any one of our full system testsTime how long it takes to full clean all concrete from the printer.5 days2-3 member team
Conduct S5-Intra-Print Repeatability4/25/2021After printer is able to print concreteTesting the repeatability of geometries within one print job. A standardized sample will be printed 10 times within one print job.5 days2-3 member team
Conduct S6-Strength Test of Print4/25/2021After printer is able to print concreteTest the compressive strength of a printed concrete sample.5 days2-3 member team
Conduct S7-Student Usability Testing4/25/2021After printer is able to print concreteWalk through the entire printing process and determine areas of improvement in the procedures etc.5 days2-3 member team
Conduct S8-Printer Measurements4/25/2021After tear down test is conducted.Ensure that the printer fit the specified size from the customer requirements.5 days2-3 member team
Conduct S9-Reservoir Capacity & Delivery4/7/2021After reservoir is completePrint a complex design such as the arbor-loo or an active MSD team's prototype. If working with a current team we will have them walk through the whole process from set up to tear down.5 days2-3 member team
Conduct S10-Complex Geometry4/25/2021After printer is able to print concreteTest to confirm that the printer can create complex prints such as concrete objects pervious MSD teams have needed to create.5 days2-3 member team



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