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The Advanced Research Project Agency Network (ARPANET) was one of the world's first operational computer networks, and was the main precursor to what has become the modern Internet. Initially funded by the Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) within the U.S. Department of Defense for use by its projects at universities and research laboratories in the US, many important computer and communications technologies were pioneered by the project. Packet switching, TCP/IP, and distributed computation were all vital technologies that would later form the backbone of how the Internet works.

 

1. ARPA Initiative

    a. ARPA wanted an effective way to increase computing power as well as access and decentralize information

        i. Fear of a nuclear attack

        ii. Connecting the various powerful research computers spread around the country

    b. Wanted to improve existing communication infrastructure

    c. Inspired by J. C. R. Licklider, whose idea of an "Intergalactic Computer Network" contained almost everything that composes the contemporary Internet

2. Technical Hurdles

    a. Existing phone lines were made to transmit data via circuit switching, where each "call" has a dedicated end to end connection

    b. Every computer at each of the proposed connection points was different

    c.

3.

    a.

    b.

    c.

4.

    a.

    b.

    c.

 

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Sources:

The Dream Machine, M. Waldrop

Where Wizards Stay Up Late, Katie Hafner and Matthew Lyon