RIT will permanently shut down the RIT Wiki (Confluence wiki) on February 2, 2024. Review the Wiki Shut Down Overview for information on alternative tools, exporting content from the wiki, and other FAQs.
| Ancre | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
INTRODUCTION
When talking about fashion, our first initial thought are famous designers such as Chanel or Versace, however, the term Fashion includes a variety of clothes and accessory styles.
What's considered fashionable in one culture would frequently seem very out of area in another. Some occupations demand that people put on a selected uniform and a few people adopt their own casual uniform. Fashion can also be used to emphasize rank or standing inside the community. It can also emphasize a sense of belonging to a specific group. Particular sorts of dress are considered appropriate for one organization of people however not for another. We have a tendency to make assumptions approximately people because of the way they're dressed.
| Ancre | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
ORIGIN
Fashion designing can be loosely defined as 'the art of creating fashionable apparel'. The origin of fashion designing dates as far back as 1826. Charles Frederick Worth is believed to be the first fashion designer in the world, from 1826 to 1895. Charles, who was earlier a draper, set up a fashion house in Paris.
Charles Frederick Worth
(13 October 1825 – 10 March 1895) was an English fashion designer who founded the House of Worth, one of the foremost fashion houses of the 19th and early 20th centuries. He is considered by many fashion historians to be the father of haute couture. Worth is also credited with revolutionizing the business of fashion.
Fashion : a sense of style that changes from decade to decade, century to century. Each era of fashion can change by very little or drastically.
The fashion cycle where trends come and go.
Fashion, however, in modern terms also corresponds to styles. Any forms of clothing, art or architecture that have similar characteristics may be recognized as fashion or styles. Fashion in common tongue is also usually associated with anything new, the latest version of a product. The modern society leans heavily towards materialism and as such, the people are constantly chasing the latest and the better products. This is especially true among teenagers and youngsters. They want to keep in touch with fashion because of peer pressure and ego, and being "fashionable" equals to being popular.
| Ancre | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Development of FashionDrastic changes have happened in the industry of fashion throughout the ages. Video below shows the evolution of fashion over decades
|
|---|
Click here to read more about fashion and the latest trends
| Ancre | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Modern Fashion
Dolce & Gabbana
Italian fashion house Dolce & Gabbana was founded in 1985 by designers Domenico Dolce and Stefano Gabbana. After presenting their first collection for women at Milan Fashion Week in 1985, the fashion gurus and former couple opened their first store in 1986.
In 1992, the house showcased its first line for men and also launched its first eponymous fragrance. Dolce & Gabbana create a wide variety of fashion products including clothing, footwear, handbags, sunglasses, watches, jewelry, perfumes and cosmetics.
Valentino
Valentino S.p.A is an Italian fashion house founded by designer Valentino Garavani in 1960.
Inspired by his early years spent working in Paris, Garavani opened his first upscale fashion boutique on Rome’s Via Condotti and began to create clothing, footwear, glasses, fragrances, watches and accessories, initially primarily for women. The house is known for its trademark fabric shade known as “Valentino red”.
Meghan Markle wore a red Valentino dress for an official engagement during the February 2019 royal tour of Morocco.
Off- White
Founded in 2013, Milan-based streetwear label Off-White is the brainchild of American fashion designer entrepreneur and Dj Virgil Abloh.
Abloh, who has also been the artistic director at Louis Vuitton since March 2018, serves as chief executive officer of the Italian house. Off-White designs include trend-setting throwbacks like cycling shorts and the now-iconic yellow industrial belt. Paper Magazine report the belt was the world's 6th most popular women's fashion product in 2018.
Yves Saint Laurent
Yves Saint Laurent, also known simply as Saint Laurent, is a French luxury fashion house created by the designer of the same name and his partner, Pierre Bergé.
Founded in 1961, the brand revived its haute couture collection in 2015 under the artistic direction of Hedi Slimane. In April 2016, Slimane was succeeded by Anthony Vaccarello as Creative Director.
Prada
Prada S.p.A. is an Italian luxury fashion house founded in 1913 by Mario Prada.
The world famous designer specializes in leather handbags and accessories, shoes, ready-to-wear clothing for men and for women, fragrances and cosmetics. Mario’s granddaughter, Miuccia Prada, joined the family business in 1970 and took the helm as head designer in 1978, a position she holds to this day. Miuccia focused on creating a trademark offering for the brand, namely waterproof nylon bags which remain hugely popular.
Louis Vuitton
Louis Vuitton Malletier - Louis Vuitton - is an esteemed French fashion house founded Paris in 1854 by creative designer Louis Vuitton
One of the world's leading maisons, the brand is famous for its trademark LV monogram which appears on almost all of its products, particularly handbags for which the house is best known.
Louis Vuitton create a vast array of lavish goods including luxury luggage, ready-to-wear clothing for women and men, bags, belts, small leather goods, jewelry, sunglasses, shoes and stationery.
Renowned designer Marc Jacobs acted as Louis Vuitton's Artistic Director from 1997 until 2013, when he was replaced by Nicolas Ghesquiere and subsequently Kim Jones.
Since March 2018 Off-White creator Virgil Abloh has been the Louis Vuitton menswear director, the first African-American at the helm of the prestigious label.
In recent years Louis Vuitton has garnered the following of big names from the rap and hip hop industries, including A$AP Rocky and Kanye West who are regularly spotted in the houses' clothing.
| Ancre | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Burberry
Burberry is perhaps Britain’s best known luxury fashion house with headquarters in London, England.
This historic and iconic label was founded in 1856 by Thomas Burberry, and continues to market its trademark trench coats, ready-to-wear outerwear, handbags, fragrances, sunglasses and cosmetics to this day.
The quintessentially British household name made headlines in March 2018 by appointing Italian creative Riccardo Tisci as Head Designer. Tisci previously worked with Parisian house Givenchy for 12 years, where he pioneered shark teeth and nose ring motifs. The Duchess of Cambridge famously wore Burberry for her 2017 Vogue cover.
Since Tisci’s takeover last year, Burberry has amassed a new legion of celebrity fans including Rihanna (his longtime pal), Madonna, Julia Roberts and Carey Mulligan. It girl models including Kendall Jenner, Irina Shayk and Cara Delevigne are all regulars on the Burberry catwalk.
Givenchy
Falling just inside the top 10 is luxury Parisian fashion house Givenchy.
Founded in 1952 by Hubert de Givenchy and Jaani Robert Durfy, the clothing, fragrance and cosmetics empire is now owned by luxury conglomerate LVMH. The brand became known for its iconic shirt dress, and Givenchy became the first high fashion designer to create a luxury ready-to-wear clothing line for women. In 1969, Hubert de Givenchy launched his first collection for men, and a decade later received the accolade of Most Elegant Man of the Year by The Best Magazine.
The award was presented by Audrey Hepburn.
Balenciaga
Bucking the trend for Italian and French maisons, Balenciaga is a luxury fashion house founded in 1917 in San Sebastian, Spain by Basque designer Cristobal Balenciaga.
Dubbed “the master of us all” by Christian Dior, Balenciaga swiftly developed a reputation for impeccable quality and high standards of womenswear and tailoring, with his bubble skirts and contemporary silhouettes becoming his trademark.
Balenciaga’s designs were worn by the Spanish royal family and during WWII clients even risked their own lives by travelling to war torn Europe to see his collections.
Balenciaga designed the 1960 wedding dress of Queen Fabiola of Belgium, and Jackie Kennedy infuriated her husband JFK by buying multiple pieces from the designer during his presidency which he believed set a bad example for the pub.
Fendi
The house of Fendi was founded in 1925 by Italian designers Adele and Edoardo Fendi in Rome.
The luxury brand creates fur, ready-to-wear clothing for women and men, small leather goods and handbags, shoes, fragrances, sunglasses and watches.
Fendi became a household name during the 1990s thanks to its tiny shoulder bag called the Baguette which has made an incredible comeback over the past two years.
Hermes
Hermes International S.A. is a French high fashion luxury manufacturer with a history spanning centuries.
Founded as an equestrian accessories workshop in 1837 by Thierry Hermes, a German-French carriage maker, the company transitioned to a budding fashion house in 1918 when it created the first leather golf jacket with a zipper, custom made for Edward, Prince of Wales.
Hermes is best known for its handbags, but the brand began manufacturing them by somewhat of an accident when the director's wife complained about not finding any bags to her liking.
Dior
Dior is one of the most influential names in fashion and it was found back in 1947 by Christian Dior.
On February 12 1947, Christian Dior, presented a 90 piece collection in Paris and it was an overnight success.
Female empowerment triumphed within Dior’s work and when he launched his first fragrance in 1947 it was his sister– a member of the French Resistance and a survivor of the Ravensbrück concentration camp – who he named it after.
Between the years of 1967 and 1975, the label exploded in size: ready-to-wear collections were introduced, the first Baby Dior store was opened in Paris and Christian Dior Homme was successfully launched.
Gucci
Gucci is an Italian luxury fashion brand founded by Guccio Gucci in Tuscany in 1921.
The house went on to become Italy's top selling label and has enjoyed a recent revival to become the world's most sought after millennial brand under the creative direction and fresh digital marketing strategy of Alessandro Michele who has headed up design since 2015.
During WWII, Gucci created handbags made of cotton canvas as opposed to traditional leather due to fabric shortages, and distinguished his creations with a double G monogram decorated with red and green bands.
Fashion Bloggers
Introduction
Searching for online style inspiration, it’s easy to fall down the black hole of Insta-hell. When you finally look up from your phone, you realize you’ve spent two whole days scrolling through feeds – and you’re still in your dressing gown, with no idea what to wear (we’ve all been there). Which sort of defeats the point.
Well never fear, we’ve done the hard search for you. From our favorite UK influencers to the best missives from Milan and the coolest New Yorkers, read on for our definitive guide to the best fashion blogs (and more importantly, where to shop their looks).
Lindsey Holland aka Ropes Of Holland
Who? Another Northern lass, a former physiotherapist turned fashion influencer and podcast host, alongside her best friend Lizzy Hadfield.
Why? Lindsey doesn’t focus on trends so much as a style that will last throughout the decades. I love her Princess Diana Sloane Ranger-esque vibe thanks to over sized blazers, high-waisted denim, chunky knits and elegant boots and pumps. Though she does cleverly weave in more trend-led pieces into her wardrobe, such as the By Far glitter Rachel bag and must-have Wandler mules. I’m also here for a powerful female friendship.
Lizzy Hadfield aka Shot From The Street
Who? Lizzy is a self-proclaimed ‘Fashion blogger from up North living in London’, serving up fashion as well as a bubble personality and wicked sense of humour
Why: The aforementioned points, as well as a masterclass in masculine dressing with a chic twist.
Chrissy Ford
Who? Chrissy Ford, Special Projects Director, Talent & Social at Harper’s Bazaar US, based in New York.
Why? Chrissy is basically who I want to be when I grow up. ‘Cool’ is such a basic word to describe her style but it’s that and more. From sharp tailoring to statement dresses in bold prints and colours, there is no look Chrissy can’t pull off.
Who? Fashion stylist and influencer based in Brighton, with a penchant for dreamy travels.
Why? There’s no one quite like Hannah for sourcing the most expensive-looking items on the high street, and her signature neutral color palette and tailored pieces make me want to dress more timeless.
Zoella Zoebo
Yeezy
Yeezy is a collaborative brand by Kanye West and Adidas. This collaboration became most known for it's sneakers that it changed the sneakers game forever. It first started when Kanye designed a shoe for Adidas on 2006 but it never went on sale. On 2015 the official collaboration from Adidas and Kanye West went on sale and it change fashion in a big way.
Air Jordan
Air Jordan is a brand that is created from former basketball player Micheal Jordan in collaboration with Nike. The first Jordan shoe was made for Micheal Jordan in 1984 and released to public in 1984. They did a lot of collaborations with different other brands like Off white , Supreme . They sell worldwide
Virgil Abloh
Virgil is a fashion designer , entrepreneur, artist and DJ. He is born in Chicago , he is a artistic director at Louis Vuitton men's wear since 2018. He is also the CEO of Off-White in which he founded on 2018.
Karl Lagerfeld
Karl was a fashion designer , artist , photographer who was born and lived in Paris. He was the creative director of Channel and Fendi , this position that he held until his death. He is the CEO of his own named fashion brand. He was recognized by his white hair , black sunglasses and a suit. He died from the pancreatic cancer.
Coco Chanel - Fashion Icon
Gabrielle Bonheur "Coco" Chanel (19 August 1883 – 10 January 1971) was a French fashion designer and businesswoman.
The founder and namesake of the Chanel brand, she was credited in the post-World War I era with liberating women from the constraints of the "corseted silhouette" and popularizing a sporty, casual chic as the feminine standard of style. A prolific fashion creator, Chanel extended her influence beyond couture clothing, realizing her design aesthetic in jewelry, handbags, and fragrance. Her signature scent, Chanel No. 5, has become an iconic product. She is the only fashion designer listed on Time magazine's list of the 100 most influential people of the 20th century. Chanel herself designed her famed interlocked-CC monogram, which has been in use since the 1920s.
"Adornment, what a science! Beauty, what a weapon! Modesty, what elegance!" - Coco Chanel
Chanel's social connections encouraged a conservative personal outlook. Rumors arose about Chanel's activities during the German occupation of France during World War II, and she was criticized for being too close to the German occupiers. This boosted her professional career: One of Chanel's liaisons was with a German diplomat, Baron (Freiherr) Hans Günther von Dincklage. After the war, Chanel was interrogated about her relationship with von Dincklage, but she was not charged as a collaborator due to intervention by Churchill. After several post-war years in Switzerland, she returned to Paris and revived her fashion house. In 2011, Hal Vaughan published a book about Chanel based on newly declassified documents, revealing that she had collaborated directly with the Nazi intelligence service, the Sicherheitsdienst. One plan in late-1943 was for her to carry an SS peace overture to British Prime Minister Winston Churchill to end the war.
In the spring of 1920 (approximately May), Chanel was introduced to the Russian composer Igor Stravinsky by Sergei Diaghilev, impresario of the Ballets Russes. During the summer, Chanel discovered that the Stravinsky family sought a place to live, having left the Soviet Union after the war. She invited them to her new home, Bel Respiro, in the Paris suburb of Garches, until they could find a suitable residence. They arrived at Bel Respiro during the second week of September and remained until May 1921. Chanel also guaranteed the new (1920) Ballets Russes production of Stravinsky's Le Sacre du Printemps ('The Rite of Spring') against financial loss with an anonymous gift to Diaghilev, said to be 300,000 francs. In addition to turning out her couture collections, Chanel threw herself into designing dance costumes for the Ballets Russes. In the years 1923–1937, she collaborated on productions choreographed by Diaghilev and dancer Vaslav Nijinsky, notably Le Train bleu, a dance-opera; Orphée and Oedipe Roi.
Famous Creation - Yachting Pants
By 1930s, Maison Chanel expanded even more, and the mademoiselle had 2000 seamstress working for her. In the thirties Chanel designed and wore a striped breton top with yachting pants. Adopting sailors’ bell-bottoms, her yachting trousers, which she paired with knitted cardigans, were part of her innovative sportswear designs and gave women the freedom to move around unrestricted. It has never been out of fashion since. The economic depression of 1930s had a very negative impact on the business of fashion. But it was the outbreak of the Second World War in 1939, that made her close the doors of her fashion house and all of her shops, closing the business entirely.
During the Second World War, Chanel served as a nurse for a short time, and then became involved with a German officer, Hans Gunther von Dincklage, who was 13 years younger than her, and helped her in getting a special permission to stay at her apartment at the Hotel Ritz during the occupation. This affair became a scandal after the war, and Coco Chanel was blamed to betray the country, and she was interrogated. There were many rumours around the affair, and some even wondered whether Winston Churchill worked behind the scenes on Chanel’s behalf. Although Chanel was not charged as a collaborator, she suffered from a negative public opinion, while many still saw her as a woman who became involved with a Nazi officer and betrayed the country. Sarcastically commenting the rumours, Chanel once said, that when a woman at her age gets to have an affair, especially with a younger man, she does not check his passport. Mademoiselle Chanel eventually decided to get away from the negativity around her, leaving Paris, and spending few years in Switzerland, in a sort of exile. She also lived at her country house in Roquebrune for a while.
Did you know?
Sometime between late 1943 and early 1944, with the tide turning against Germany, Chanel was tapped for another mission by General Walter Schellenberg of the SS. Named "Operation Modellhut" – German for "model hat" – she was to use her personal connection to Churchill, now England's prime minister, to relay word
that many SS senior officers were seeking an end to the bloodshed. Chanel arranged for the release of Vera Lombardi, a mutual friend of hers and Churchill's, from an Italian prison. They traveled to Madrid with Dincklage, where Lombardi was instructed to hand over Chanel's letter to Churchill at the British Embassy. However, this plan was blown up when Lombardi denounced Chanel and her associates as German spies. Lombardi was taken back into custody, though Chanel managed to safely return to Paris.
| Astuce | ||
|---|---|---|
| ||
Declassified archival documents unearthed by biographer Hal Vaughan reveal that the French Préfecture de Police had a document on Chanel in which she was described as "Couturier and perfumer. Pseudonym: Westminster. Agent reference: F 7124. Signalled as suspect in the file" (Pseudonyme: Westminster. Indicatif d'agent: F 7124. Signalée comme suspecte au fichier). For Vaughan, this was a piece of revelatory information linking Chanel to German intelligence operations. |
For more information!
To learn more, watch the video below and follow our links down below to the bibliography section.
| Connecteur de widget | ||
|---|---|---|
|
| Ancre | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Bibliography
Revolutions In Fashion: Coco Chanel. (n.d.). Haute|hot Couture News. Retrieved February 18, 2020, url
Coco_Chanel,_1920.Jpg (1280×932). url. Accessed 13 Feb. 2020.
“Coco Chanel.” Wikipedia, 10 Feb. 2020. Wikipedia, url
41745-9702a8e642f4ddf298c95d5ac492e60f25a79c3e-story_inline_image.png (1950×1100). (n.d.). Retrieved February 17, 2020, url
Coco Chanel: Fashion Designer, Business Mogul, and Spy. (n.d.). Retrieved February 17, 2020, url
100 Years of Fashion| Glamour , Retrieved February 16, 2020, url
Ott, Tim. “Coco Chanel’s Secret Life as a Nazi Agent.” Biography, url. Accessed 13 Feb. 2020.
Studios, SKS. “Samantha Shannon Fashion GIF by SKS Studios - Find & Share on url
GIPHY.” GIPHY, GIPHY, 13 Sept. 2019, url
Goldstone, Penny. “Best Fashion Blogs: The Ones You Should Follow This Year.” Marie Claire, 6 Nov. 2019, url
Lindsey Holland image, Retrieved url
"Fashion." The Hutchinson Unabridged Encyclopedia with Atlas and Weather Guide, edited by Helicon, 2018. Credo Reference, url
Google Search, Google, url
Bannerman, S. L. (n.d.). The History of the House of Dior. Culture Trip. Retrieved February 17, 2020, from url
Charleston, Beth Duncuff, and Costume Institute. “CRISTOBAL BALENCIAGA – The King Couturier.” NODARAKI, 15 Aug. 2018, url
Google Search, Google, url
Google Search, Google, url
Google Search, Google, url
Google Search, Google, www.google.com/search?q=fashion%2Bpng&tbm=isch&ved=2ahUKEwiRqb7bot3nAhWB_4UKHSRqA7YQ2-cCegQIABAA&oq=fashion%2Bpng&gs_l=img.3..0l10.4339.5141..5448...0.0..0.125.446.0j4......0....1..gws-wiz- img.......0i67.Qp_KtI9KbUs&ei=r_tMXtGVMoH_lwSk1I2wCw&bih=969&biw=1920&rlz=1C1GCEU_enXK874XK874#imgrc=QbhMsYjI2gNewM.
Giphy. “Black And White Fashion GIF - Find & Share on GIPHY.” GIPHY, GIPHY, 12 Apr. 2018 url
Google Search, Google,url
Maxresdefault.jpg (1280×720). (n.d.). Retrieved February 18, 2020, from url
23799ad0-cc8b-11e4-9e0c-652f5cf31998_nike_xxnd5i.jpg (620×435). (n.d.). Retrieved February 18, 2020, from url
url(800×534). (n.d.). Retrieved February 18, 2020, from url
Fendi_store_opening_-_Karl_Lagerfeld_(14091153382).jpg (815×1225). (n.d.). Retrieved February 18, 2020, from url
Google Search, Google url
“Mytheresa.com UK: Exclusive 24-Hour Shoe Club Pre-Shopping: Balenciaga Speed Trainer Sneakers.” Milled, milled.com/mytheresa-com-uk/exclusive-24-hour-shoe-club-pre-shopping-balenciaga-speed-trainer-sneakers-VKw45k0y2Z43c3NM.
“All Aboard: Go on a Cruise with Gucci for the Holidays.” L'Officiel Baltics, lofficielbaltics.com/en/fashion/all-aboard-go-on-a-cruise-with-gucci-for-the-holidays.
| Ancre | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| Contributors Summary |
|---|
| Volet | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ||||||||||
Valentina Ukaj; Blerta Kapllani; Argjenda Gashi; Leke Miftari; Albesa Rexhepi; Gent Shala; Aulona Alaj; Art Kelani |