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The first source is a document published by Firdezi Bekteshi and it’s called “Challenges facing Kosovo.” Moreover, in this document the author explains how Kosovo is a landlocked territory in Balkan Pennsylvania, and what its environmental problems are. One of the problems that he mentions is water pollution. As a landlocked country, Kosovo has many rivers in different geographical parts. But these rivers are much polluted and the water quality in those lowland rivers is very poor. Moreover, it has a lack of proper water treatment; nevertheless, you can use them for a small volume of water supply. Comparing it to other heavily polluted rivers, which cannot be used as a water supply tool for citizens, Kosovo is having many difficulties in providing the whole society with a 24 hours water supply. As a result of wasted water, there is a high incidence of water-borne diseases causing the society many health problems. He also states that: “Recent chemical and bacteriological monitoring show that the majorities of Kosovo’s rivers are polluted and may not even be used for industrial needs without prior treatment” meaning that the cost of cleaning the water is very high, so the government may not consider it in their agenda because they might not have the money to afford its treatment.

Borgna, L., Di Lella, L. A., Nannonni, F., Pisani, A., Pizzatti, E., Protano, G., Riccobono, F., & Rossi, S. (2009). The high contents of lead in soils of northern kosovo. Journal of Geochemical Exploration, 101(2), 137-146. Retrieved from http://www.sciencedirect.com.ezproxy.rit.edu/science/article/pii/S0375674208000617

This article was written by a group of researchers from the University of Siena. The researchers conducted a soil-based geochemical survey in an area of about 350 km2 in northern Kosovo around the Zveçan Lead-Zinc smelter. The article shows that the surface area, especially around the smelter is heavy polluted with heavy elements such as Lead, Zinc, Cadmium etc. The article also contains many graphs of pollution levels and also some maps of the heavy polluted areas. One of the findings of this article is that the pollution in this area exceeds by large the EU standards on soil pollution. Additionally, the authors also warn of the effects of this pollution in the air quality and in the wild and cultivated plants that enter the food chain. Concentrations of heavy elements related to mining activities significantly decreased with depth; hence the pollution basically affected the upper 50 cm of soil, and it decreased systematically with distance from the smelter. Finally, the authors also argue that Soil remediation could be rather simple and relatively inexpensive owing to the limited depth of penetration of the contaminants.

Brian H. Bowen, P. (2011). Energy Efficiency, Economics & Environment. Prishtine: Center

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