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Prepared by Michael Waschak,
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1. Behrami, S., Bajraktari, F., & Zogaj, N. Kosovo Environment Protection Agency, (2008). Ground water pollution in mitrovica and surroundings. Prishtine: Retrieved from http://balwois.com/balwois/administration/full_paper/ffp-1084.pdf (Changed by Ylli Qerkini)
The authors argue that the drinking water quality in Mitrovica region is not satisfying. One of the contributors toward this is the pollution from the industry as well as the waste water. Indeed, this pollution includes the river of Ibri and Sitnica. This report presents the state of surface waters in the two main rivers of Mitrovica, and as such helps one determine the level of drinkable water in Mitrovica region.
This Article/Research Paper relates to Mitrovica and its water polution problems. Mitrovica is based in the North of Kosovo and owns the main part of natural resources. According to the article, Mitrovica is not only the most polluted city in Kosovo, but in Europe. The article discusses the water polution caused by exploiting those natural resources, which basically polluts the 3 main rivers that cross the city and from which the city gets the main water supply. It contains a lot of tables to make the contamination of the drinking water clear. The article is originally written in English.
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Demi Agron, A., & Sinani Nezir, N. (2011). Energy projects in kosovo. (07.09.2011), 24. Retrieved from http://www.kipred.net/web/eng.php?cid=2,3&id=2011
The article, “Energy Projects in Kosovo” has been recently published by the Kosovo Institute for Policy Research and Development together with GAP Institute and FIQ. The article mainly focuses on the privatization process of Kosova B thermal power plant. Also, it shows how the outside parties such as: Government of the Republic of Kosovo, World Bank, and the International Finance Corporation are associated with the problems which occur in energy related projects. Furthermore, this article mentions the standards of the European Union’s latest energy policy objectives and where Kosovo stands within the obstacle.
Didde Frese,Klitgaard, Kock Pedersen, Signe ,Rune,Eske. "Environmental Management in Kosovo Heavy Metal emission from Trepca." Environmental Management in Kosovo Heavy Metal emission from Trepca. N.p., n.d. Web. 20 Sept. 2011.<http://rudar .ruc.dk/bitstream/ 1800/210/1 /Environmental_management_in.pdf>
This is a project that focuses on the environmental impact that a huge dormant lead and zinc mining facility - Trepca causes. The project have focused on the pollution that have metals cause to the nearby river.
Duriqi, V. (2011, September 9). Ministria padit Ferronikelin. Retrieved September 18, 2011, from Zeri.info: http://www.zeri.info/artikulli/2/8/33687/ministria-padit-ferronikelin/
In this article, Mr. Duriqi explains the reasons behind the sue that the Ministry of Environment of Republic of Kosovo did against the giant "Ferronokeli". The author writes how “Ferronikeli” didn’t fulfill the requirements they were asked for by law before, and how they kept releasing CO and other emissions without control. After some measures made by the inspectors of the Ministry of Environment, it was found that “Ferronikeli” surpassed the allowed levels of emission by 9 times.
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Finnish expertise to the Environment Sector of Kosovo, (2011). Embassy of Finland, Pristina. News. Retrieved from [
http://www.finlandkosovo.org/Public/default.aspx?contentid=213846&nodeid=42563&culture=en-US|http://www.finlandkosovo.org/Public/default.aspx?contentid=213846&nodeid=42563&culture=en-US]
The highlight in this article was the project for the Environment Sector of Kosovo. The project is called a Twinning Project and is an initiative of European Commission to support countries, in this case Kosovo, to improve the environment. When EU Information and Cultural Center in Pristina had a meeting on February, Finnish scientist, Traja Fernandes, presented a Finnish part of this project, mainly concentrated in air quality of Kosovo, telling how this project has been successful in Finland. Furthermore, in the meeting besides they talked about the air quality, also with high importance was mentioned water in Kosovo. The EU member, Austria declared itself that it will help in improving water quality and managing water resources. Also, Latvia had other environmental projects for Kosovo which were successful for Latvia. All these countries had a mutual aim; to help Kosovo, as potential candidate country, meet the EU standards for environment.
Kosovo needs such projects to be implemented as soon as possible, since has problems with air quality and drinkable water indeed. In addition, it is known that these two are essential for a healthy life. If citizens of Kosovo would have access to better drinkable water, they would save lots of money by not buying plastic bottles. Moreover, plastic waste cause damages to ecosystem. Once they are thrown in oceans, lakes, rivers, plastics do not move and eventually become a part of food chain. Basically, we have more bottles just thrown away instead of being recycled. Also, to recycle a bottle takes a long time to be decomposed. Many environmentalists claim that plastic waste is more danger than global warming, since it releases carbon dioxide in atmosphere.
1. Fresse, D.S, Klitgaard, R., & Pedersen, E. K. (2003/2004). Environmental Management in Kosovo – Heavy Metal emission from Trepca. TekSam. Retrieved September 19, 2011, fromhttp://rudar.ruc.dk/bitstream/1800/210/1/Environmental_management_in.pdf
The authors offer some guidelines and valuable lessons on environmental management in Kosova, particularly relevant to side effects caused by lead and zinc mining facilities in the Trepca region. The article argues that the heavy metal emissions from this area represent a high risk level for the local population. In addition to this, the authors continue into claiming that Kosova should focus more on environmental issues, as part of sustainable economic growth. I think this article gives some indication as to what extent environmental issues impact individuals, but it also contributes toward realizing that such concerns need immediate reaction that would lessen the negative consequences from it.
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1. Georgiev, Tomislav . "Poisoning Kosovo." Set Times. N.p., 22 June 2011. Web. 20 Sept. 2011. <www.setimes.com/cocoon/setimes/xhtml/en_GB/photo_essay/setimes/photo_essay/2011/06/22/photo_essay|www.setimes.com/cocoon/setimes/xhtml/en_GB/photo_essay/setimes/photo_essay/2011/06/22/photo_essay|||||||||||||||||||||||||\>.
This article is for one of the major environmental problems that Kosovo faces that ishe pollution from old electrical plants and mine facilities of Obilic. Furthermore, this article tells of the pollution that is above any standard and the effects that it has in people-causing 5000 people to die from cancer each year.
2. Gazeta LAJM. (2011, April 21) Ndotja nga KEK-u jashtë standardeve. Retrieved September 18, 2011, from http://www.gazetalajm.info/ekonomi/6298-Ndotja-nga-KEK--jasht-standardeve.html
This article is focused on how Kosovo Energy Corporation (KEK) is polluting the air. Experts on Environmental sector believe that KEK is not making enough investments on reducing air pollution. On the other hand, KEK argues that they are implementing environmental projects in the amount of fifty million euros.
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1. Hakaj, N., Balaj, N., & Hoxha, V. (2007, November 23). Kosova- energy and environmental challenges to security. Retrieved September 19, 2011, from http://archive.rec.org/natoworkshop/draft_papers/hakaj_kosova.pdf
This research paper talks about the environmental challenges that Kosovo faces from the pollution that is caused by the old power plants in Obiliq and the dirty coal mines right next to them. It is based on other research that has been done in this field and it is written in English. Its main objective is to reduce the environmental impacts of the energy use and to promote environmental awareness to the people. It also discusses in general the power-plants and the coal mines aside their effects of pollution to the environment.
2. Hamidi, L., ( September, 2011). Ndotje enorme e ambientit. (p. 1). Pristina: Zeri. Retrieved
September 19, 2011, fromhttp://www.zeri.info/artikulli/1/34/29376/ndotje-enorme-e-ambientit/
This newspaper article discuses enormous amounts of air pollution emmited by KEK in Obiliq municipality, near Pristina. It also discusses how some of the residents of Obiliq have had to abandon their houses because of lung diseases emerging in their families caused by ash emission from thermo central B in KEK. Because this part of KEK lacks appropriate filters to reduce ashes, it releases approximately 280 milligram ash, which is above the average levels set by EU standards. The director of hydrometeorology institution of Kosovo, Syle Tahirsylaj, said that they are doing the best in order to maintain and control the quality of air in Kosovo. They have 4 stations which allow them to control the air. Syle Tahirsylaj, says that by the end of this year they will be able to control emissions from KEK and maintain air quality as required by European standards.
3. Hjortberg, A. S., & Wingqvist, G. Ö. (2008). Kosovo environment and climate analysis. University of Gothenburg, Retrieved September 16, 2011, fromhttp://www.sida.se/Global/Countries%20and%20regions/Europe%20incl.%20Central%20Asia/Kosovo/Environmental%20policy%20brief%20Kosovo.pdf
This is an analysis done by the authors Hjortberg and Wingqvist as part of the University of Gothenburg, Economics Department, prior to the Swedish collaboration on strategic environmental assessment in Kosovo. It stresses out few key points related to the environment in Kosovo, such as identification of environmental issues and its causes and effects. Moreover, this article continues to elaborate the situation by pointing out the actors on the management of the environment and analyze the so far progress in the issue. This article is very helpful in providing the readers with a general idea of what are the main environmental problems and the flaws in the management of environment. According to the authors, although being a young country, it is important to be cautious since natural resource degradation is negatively affecting Kosovo’s economic development. Even though the main purpose of this analysis is to provide information for a better collaboration between these two countries, it could be easily used for any research conducted about the Kosovo’s environment.
4.Hyseni, V. (2009, December 8). BBCAlbanian.com | Rajoni | Kosova dhe problemet e klimës. BBC - Homepage. Retrieved September 17, 2011, from http://www.bbc.co.uk/albanian/reg
The article “Climate Problems in Kosovo” explains; that although small, Kosovo has a major contribution to the worldwide problem of Global Warming. It explains that one of the main issues is the electricity produced by coal. The article also has involved some concerns of the citizens of Kosovo. On the other hand, an environmentalist argues that the environmental issues have been left aside in Kosovo because of the huge economic problems that the country is facing
An online article titled “Kosovo and climate problems” written in Albanian by Violeta Hyseni and published in BBC Albanian website. The article focuses on the impact of Kosovo in the global warming. It discusses some of the serious problems of Kosovo’s environment such as: lack of green spaces, deforestation, and energy production. There are also some surveys included where citizens clearly express their worries about Kosovo contributing to global warming. Kosovo’s Energy Corporation is mentioned once again like in any other article when it comes to the harmful ashes. According to experts, the main problem remains the spreading of the ashes not only through air but also through other ways. Environmentalists give their opinions on some of these problems and potential solutions.
5. Halili, Gashi, F. A. (2009). National Background Report on Environmental Research for Kosovo.Retrieved from http://www.wbc-inco.net/attach/1Report_Kosovo_UNSCR1244.pdf
In the article “National background report on environmental research for Kosovo” is sufficient data provided on what the environmental problems in Kosovo are and what we as citizens have to do in order to protect and improve the environmental conditions in Kosovo.
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Isufi, Florim, Gani Gashi, Ibrahim Ramadani, and Shpejtim Bulliqi. "Electric Power, Environmental Problem in Kosovo." (2007). Print.
This paper starts by giving general information about Kosovo’s main sources of energy, its power plants capacities, and it makes comparisons with neighbor states. As mentioned in the paper the main concerns tend to be the destructing environment, and the health of people living in Obilic and Hade. Authors point to dust as the main variable indicating these changes. But, also the article brings up also what are the effects of these environmental issues in socio economic sense. So, as a result we have change in the use of land, demography changes, population migrations, etc.
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- (2011, April 22).Kosova me mjedis të ndotur - Nacionale - Lajme - Gazeta Express. Gazeta Express. Retrieved September 18, 2011, fromhttp://www.gazetaexpress.com/index.php/artikujt/rubrika/C21/C6/rss.php?cid=1,15,52298
This article is about the environment in Kosovo. It shows us the level of pollution in Kosovo. The article was written in the Day of Earth when the president of Kosovo, Atifete Jahjaga, visited Obilic. This is the region where the power plants are located. This article shows that Kosovo is ranked as one of the most polluted states in Europe, and needs an immediate action to avoid the environment distruction.
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1. Lulaj, L. (2011, September 19). Mbeturinat, problem për kryeqytetasit. Zëri, p. 9.
This is an article published in our daily newspaper “Zëri” called “Waste, a problem for people in the capital city”.
The article discusses the problem of waste and the lack of containers to fulfill the needs of the citizens. Another problem discussed in this article is that of garbage being thrown everywhere (roads, parks, in front of the buildings) which is very harmful for the health of the people, especially in these periods of heat. The article includes also a short interview with the director of the company “Pastrimi”; a company collecting the waste in the city. Some opinions from citizens are also included in this article.
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Ministry of Environment and Spatial Planning, (2003). Kosovo state of the environment report. Prishtina: Retrieved from http://enrin.grida.no/htmls/kosovo/Kosovo_SOE_part1.pdf
The report seeks to shed light on major environmental issues in Kosovo in hopes that they will draw attention and be addressed in the near future. The authors emphasize that the uncontrolled development in Kosovo is mostly a result of a nonexistent environmental regime. They focus on water quality, diversity, forestry, energy production as well as the environmental outcomes of mining, namely, the elevated level of atmospheric lead.
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- Neslen, A. (2011, September 9). Greens alarmed as EU lobbies for Kosovo coal plant | EurActiv. EurActiv | European Union Information Website (EU and Europe). Retrieved September 18, 2011, from http://www.euractiv.com/climate-environment/greens-alarmed-eu-lobbies-kosovo-coal-plant-news-507494
This is an article where is shown a letter, which was sent by Mark Johnson, the World Wildlife Fund's senior policy advisor. He asks the members of European Union to help Kosovo built a new power plant because this is the only way to improve Kosovo’s environmental outcomes. He says that this power plant would be less polluting than the existing one, but the environmentalists disagree. They say that this won’t improve Kosovo’s environment outcomes and would not change the Carbon (CO2) emission.
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1. OSCE. (2008). Water supply issues in kosovo. Retrieved from http://waterwiki.net/images/f/f9/Water_supply_issue_in_kosovo-osce.pdf
This Research Paper written by the OSCE´s Monitoring Department deals with the Water supply issues that are present in Kosovo. It tells about water shortages that exists in Kosovo, as no household is provide with water for 24 hours, and it talks about the water management problems that exist. The article also deals with the future competences for water management and supply, including the financial and political problems that regard the realization of these projects. The article is originally written in eglish.
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"Preparatory Assistance to Sustainable Development in Dragas." UNDP-Kosovo. N.p., n.d. Web. 20 Sept. 2011. <www.kosovo.undp.org/index.php?cid=2,100,784|www.kosovo.undp.org/index.php?cid=2,100,784%20|||||||||||||||||||||||||\ >.
This is an document that tells about a project dealing with the sustainable development plans/policies that would promote employment and environmental protection in Dragash, Kosovo .
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1. Rexhepi, F., Rugova, A., Arbneshi, T. (2010). Assessment of Heavy Metal Pollution in Ibër River
Sediment. Ohrid, Republic of Macedonia: BALWOIS. Retrieved in September 16, 2011,
from http://balwois.com/balwois/administration/full_paper/ffp-1681.pdf
This research paper written by Fatos Rexhepi, Ardian Rugova, and Tahir Arbneshi in English was intended to determine the quantity of lead, cadmium, copper and zinc in the sediment of the Ibër River as well as identification of the potential pollutants of this water. The authors conducted this study by the side of Department of Technology and the Department of Chemistry in University of Prishtina in 25, 29 May 2010.
This article written by Rexhepi, Rugova, and Arbneshi, contains a research over the heavy metal pollution in the aqua system, specifically in the Iber River. This river is a subject to this kind of pollution being very close to the major mines of lead and zinc in Zvecan and Mitrovica. The result from the research, which included an experiment of the water composition, showed that Iber contains copper, zinc, cadmium and increasing quotes of lead. This research gives data in one of the major environment related issue - that is water pollution. Thus it can be very useful in backing up the arguments over the water pollution in Kosovo.
2. Reintjes, R., Dedushaj, I., Gjini, A., & Rikke, T. (2002). Tularemia ]outbreak investigation in kosovo: case control and environmental studies. CDC, 8(1), 5. Retrieved fromhttp://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/8/1/01-0131_article.htm#suggestedcitation
This is a report from CDC (Center for disease control and prevention) about a disease called Tularemia which was going in certain parts of Kosovo after war and it was said that was caused from the water contamination.
3. Revkin, A. C., & Wald, M. L. (2007, July 16). The New York Times - Breaking News, World News & Multimedia. The New York Times - Breaking News, World News & Multimedia. Retrieved September 18, 2011, from http://www.nytimes.com/2007/07/16/business/16solar.html.
This article contains important information and research techniques about the functioning of the solar energy and investment around the world in this sphere. Both authors gave good example, where solar energy is getting its important role in the environments and in technical usage and decreasing costs. Article shows a interviewed made for 1000 citizens of America where they have been asked : what energy source they thought would be used most for generating electricity in 15 years. The top choice was not nuclear plants, or coal or natural gas, The winner was the sun. Article talks also about the environmental impact of producing the energy through nuclear plats, and also the damages its creates in environment such as global warming . This kind of energy would possibly work as well in Kosovo, based on the Balkan weather and good nature conditions .
4. REC field office in Kosovo. (2000). Strategic Environmental Analysis Of Kosovo. Retrieved from http://archive.rec.org/REC/Publications/CountryReports/Kosovo.PDF
The article “Strategic Environmental Analysis of Kosovo” outlines two major environmental problems such as the waste management and water problems. In addition, the article provides several of recommendations that do help on developing a strategic plan in order to solve the current ongoing issues.
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1.Salihu, A., (2005, February 25). Kosovo Pollution Fears. Institute for War & Peace Reporting.
BCR Issue 513.Retrieved in September 17, 2011, from http://iwpr.net/report-
news/kosovo-pollution-fears
This article written by Arben Salihu in English has the intention to tackle the pollution problem caused by Kosova A, one of two power stations of the Kosovo Energetic Corporation, KEK. It intensifies the fact that the villagers of Dardhishte are being seriously damaged (lung cancer and respiratory diseases) from the carelessness of the workers in the power plant that remove the filters for whatever reason. The article was issued on February the 25th in 2005 in Institute for War & Peace Reporting page.
2.Shala, F., Dragusha, B., & Sadiku, M. (n.d.). Air pollution in the area around the mining complex Trepça in kosovo. 310-314. Retrieved in September 16, 2011 fromhttp://www.wseas.us/e-library/conferences/2010/Cambridge/EE/EE-50.pdf
In this article, Shala, Dragusha, and Sadiku, present the results of a research conducted in the area near the Mining Complex Trepca in Kosovo, with the purpose of finding the level of environmental damage caused by the mine emissions. Their conclusion showed that the area around Trepca is negatively affected by the mining sector, specifically its toxic/acidic pollution, which comes as a consequence of unsafe working procedure and poor waste management. To evaluate their results, the authors use the limit values set by World Health Organization (WHO). Based on these data, they reach a conclusion that this area represents a major threat for the health of local inhabitants. Due to the lack of data and information regarding the level of pollution in this area, the article itself is very important source in building an argument how Trepca is one of the major pollutants in Kosovo.
3. Syla, A., Veliu, A., & Berisha, K. (2008). Air pollution with particulate matter and heavy metals of Kosovo thermal power plant. Retrieved in September 16, 2011, from http://balwois.com/balwois/administration/full_paper/ffp-972.pdf
The overview on Kosova’s air pollution condition provided by the authors indicates that area around the Power Plants, mainly Obiliq, is one of the largest sites of air pollution in the country. The article provides a background overview on electricity production, then it continues with the generation power from the two main power plants, and it also describes the various environmental impacts of mining operations. As such the article is helpful in identifying the concrete emissions released from the power plants which represent parameters that will define effective solution to improve air quality in Kosova.
This article elaborates the case of one of the greatest polluters in Kosovo – the thermal Power Plant in Obiliq. Kosovo being very rich with coal started to use this resource to generate the energy and as such, Kosovo A and B thermo plants represent the major sources of energy in the country. Nevertheless, operating in poor conditions, both power plants emit major dangerous elements in the air, polluting at the same time air, water and soil. These and other problems, such as management of ash, coming as a consequence of a bad operation of thermo plants are touched by this article. Discussing the case of KEK, this article could be very well utilized in any research over air, water, and soil pollution in Kosovo and how these impact the lives of citizens.
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School of Business, Economics and Law, UNIVERSITY OF GOTHENBURG. (2008). Kosovo environment and climate analysis. 17. Retrieved in September 18, 2011, from http://www.sida.se/Global/Countries%20and%20regions/Europe%20incl.%20Central%20Asia/Kosovo/Environmental%20policy%20brief%20Kosovo.pdf
The article argues the importance and impact of climate and environment in the territory of Kosovo. The Swedish government issues the environmental situation of Kosovo in order to integrate a cooperation strategy within the region. Regarding the development cooperation, the Swedish have concentrated their focus on: Energy; Water; Environment and Security; Adaptation to Climate Changes. Furthermore, the central aim to set stability and peace within the territory of Kosovo opens the path towards the European integration, through the presence of good governance, democracy, and economic development. Nevertheless, environmental concerns indirectly affect the public health, and so, they should be addressed seriously in order to avoid the degradation of natural resources, pollution, and to provide a healthy life in the society of Kosovo. Ultimately, for the above mentioned environmental reasons the Swedish have offered financial aids for environmental development and strategy in Kosovo, and by doing so, they are identified as a major source of solving these types of problems in Kosovo.
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Shah, A. (n.d.). Effects of Bombing on the Environment — Global Issues. Global Issues : social, political, economic and environmental issues that affect us all — Global Issues. Retrieved September 19, 2011, from [http://www.globalissues.org/article/131/effects-of-bombing-on-the-environment
]
This article is about the usage of depleted uranium (DU) by NATO in Kosovo during the bombing period in the war of 1999, which has put to risk the environment and the people in Kosovo as well as the entire Balkan region and other regions of Europe. What results as a major concern in this article, are the effects on the people who live near the bombed chemical factories and polluted rivers. Kosovo stands as the 13th biodiversity resource in the world. Yet, the UN agency that had gone to Kosovo, alleged that NATO air strikes have had a disastrous impact to Kosovo’s environment by influencing the agriculture, industries, employment, essential services, land, air, rivers, lakes and underground waters as well as the food chain and public health Nevertheless, in 1999, environmentalists had warned that KFOR troops and civilians may be prone to the effects of using depleted Uranium such as the Gulf War Syndrome, or other diseases. Also the United Nations Human Rights Tribunal had made a call upon states in 1996, to restrain the production of mass destruction weapons containing depleted uranium. As mentioned in the article, according to the World Health Organization (WHO) depleted uranium contains both chemical and radiological toxicity which mostly affect kidneys and the lungs. At higher dosage DU effects may also lead to the risk of lung cancer and kidney damage. Although the issue was put to discussion, the author points out that the issues concerning the bombing and its effects still remain unquestioned by the mainstream.
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Shala, F., Dragusha, B., & Sadiku, M. (n.d.). Recent Advences in Energy and Development. The World Scientific and Engineering Academy and Society. Retrieved September 18, 2011, from www.wseas.us/e-library/conferences/2010/Cambridge/EE/EE-50.pdf
“Air pollution in the area around the Mining Complex Trepça in Kosovo”
In this paper written by F.Shala, B. Dragusha, and M. Sadiku, is presented the situation in the city of Mitrovica, the polluted air that it gets from the Mining Complex Trepca.
The city of Mitrovica is the most polluted one in Europe. In this area, as explained also in the paper, also the four rivers that are around the city and pass through it have a very polluted water. Furthermore, except from the Mining Complex Trepca, the air in Kosovo is also polluted from the Kosovo Electric Corporation, which is situated very close to the city of Mitrovica. Both of these pollutants do not have highly technologically developed machinery due to low investments in Kosovo. And some experiments being done in the city of Mitrovica are presented in the paper, as well as the results
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Salihu, A. (2005). Frikë për nivelin e lartë të ndotjes në Kosovë. Prishtinë: Ballkans:
Regional Reporting and Sutanable Training BCR issue 513. <http://iwpr.net/sq/report-news/frikë-për-nivelin-e-lartë-të-ndotjes-në-kosovë>
This article is written in Albanian language from Arben Salihu, and there are some interviews with people who are at front line at the area where air pollution is in the highest level. There are provided some evidences in how people are getting sick from very hard diseases just by staying near to this place. Many problems are caused from the employees of the KEK (Kosovo’s energetic corporation), and nobody is intervening to solve this issue. Government it self, is less concentrated in this problem because other issues as economic and social wealth fare are more prior than this. Everyone is responsible for this because we as citizen have to be more active in controlling the pollution that is destroying, and causing many deaths in our country and not waiting everything to be done from our government.
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Shah, Anup. Effects of Bombing on the Environment. Global Issues. 14 Jul. 2001. Web.
19 Sep. 2011. <http://www.globalissues.org/article/131/effects-of-bombing-on-the-environment>.
This article is written in English language and presents the idea that after the war in Kosovo there are some facts that are related with the presence of uranium in air. Although this issue is removed from minds of the population, it has always existed a risk that serious diseases, such as cancer and other types that are related to the death of our citizens, comes from the usage of depleted uranium weapons inside the territory of Kosovo. It was never shown in public as an issue, and it has remained only as curiosity for population. The death of six Italian solder from leukemia, although the presence of cancer in many people after the war gives a strong reason to believe that in Kosovo were used weapons with uranium contents.
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Selani, A. K. (2009, October 16). Normat e larta të ndotjes. Evropa e lirë - Radio Evropa e Lirë© 2011. Retrieved September 19, 2011, from http://www.evropaelire.org/content/article/1853222.html.
An online article written in Albanian by Ariana Kasapolli Selani and published in the website of the radio “Evropa e Lirë”. Entitled “High rates of pollution” and published in October, 2009, the article discusses about the problems of high rates of pollution which every year overcome the allowed rate. Contributing to the pollution is also KEK and Ferronikeli, who according to this article do not monitor the air pollutants efficiently. However, the article emphasizes that the situation is improving, also with the new law of not allowing cars older than eight years to enter in Kosovo.
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1. United Nations Development Programme, UNDP. (n.d.). Environment . Retrieved September 19, 2011, from UNDP website:http://www.kosovo.undp.org/?cid=2,124
This web page discusses the major climate changes that have been going on in Kosovo and its environment due to a vast amount of pollution being emitted from old energy power plants. They lightly mention how the Kosovo legislation that is covering the issue of the environment is having a hard time actually implementing and enforcing it and that environmental awareness in general is very low among the public of Kosovo
2. UNDP Kosovo 2010. Environment and Climate change. www.kosovo.undp.org/?cid=2,124
This article mostly pointed out the environmental problems discussed worldwide; experts are proposing various alternatives for environmental awareness by using numerous approaches trying to protect environment. The problem has been concerning Kosovo in addition. For example, according to the UNDP article, environmental problems have not been priorities for government agenda. It also specifies that since the transition from socialist system to market economy, environmental problems have regularly been neglected.
So, the journal indicates that the environmental problem is a very important subject need to be addressed immediately. Because, it is directly linked with health problems and sustainable growth, Kosovo institutions have already prepared appropriate legislation facilitating these issues; however, Kosovo lacks human and institutional capacity regarding the implementation and enforcement, says the article.
3, United Nations Environment Programme. (2001). Depleted Uranium in Kosovo- Post-Conflict Environmental Assessment, 27-39. Retreived September 18, 2011, from http://postconflict.unep.ch/publications/uranium.pdf
I have chosen the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) report on depleted uranium in Kosovo because I have always been interested to know the DU concentrations after the war in Kosovo, and especially after the NATO bombings. The report is quite long, 188 pages, but I have only concentrated on the findings and recommendations section (page 27-39).
The report offers scientific data from eleven sites where DU had been used during the war. There were five laboratories build to test the soil, water, milk and other samples collected from these eleven sites. UNEP uses graphical tools such as tables to illustrate total uranium concentration in various samples from Kosovo, and then offers recommendations for further action.
4. USAID. (2009). ENVIRONMENTAL THREATS AND OPPORTUNITIES ASSESSMENT. Retrieved from http://aoa.ew.eea.europa.eu/tools/virtual_library/bibliography-details-each-assessment/answer_2754344644/w_assessment-upload/index_html?as_attachment:int=1
The report on “Environmental Threats and Opportunities Assessment (ETOA)” illustrates the present environmental conditions is Kosovo and focuses more in both the water and energy sectors. In addition, the report shows that the awareness for the environmental issues are very low compared to the environmental degradation which is very high.
5.USAID. (2009). ENVIRONMENTAL THREATS AND OPPORTUNITIES ASSESSMENT (ETOA). Retrieved from http://www.usaid.gov/kosovo/eng/documents/reports/ kosovo_etoa.pdf
The report on “Environmental Threats and Opportunities Assessment” demonstrates how much the environment in Kosovo is influenced form the urbanization, economic development and industrialization. In addition, it attempts to raise the awareness for the environment pollution and the programs that should be considered to slower the environmental degradation.
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World Bank Group 2011. Kosovo Cleans Up Environmental.
Legacy.http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/COUNTRIES/ECAEXT/0,,con tentMDK:20957724~menuPK:2246556~pagePK:146736~piPK:146830~theSitePK:2585 99,00.html
The article released by World Bank indicates that a grant of 5.5 million dollars has been approved by World Bank’s Board of Directors in dealing with environmental problems. The grant was given to support Kosovo Energy Corporation (KEK) and Kosovo authorities in their attempts to remove ash heaps and to alleviate long-term power development while same time promoting environmental protection. The journal specifies that the project will address environment issues, enabling KEK to loosen the environment already over loaded with mining materials; and building capacities within KEK for maintaining clean environment. In addition, it tells that Kosovo has poor history regarding environmental practices.
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1. Zeneli, L., Daci, N., Pacarizi, H., & Ajvazi, M. (2011). Impact of environmental pollution on human health of the population which lives nearby kosovo thermopower plants. Unpublished manuscript, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Prishtina , Prishtina, Kosova. Retrieved from http://ibe.sagepub.com/content/20/4/479.abstract
This study deals with the environmental pollution as a result of outflow from the coal processing industry. It concentrates on all the different elements that emerge when burning coal in the Power Plants and that might have a fatal impact on the environment. The study also talks about the ash that emissions from the 2 Power Plants and the direct effect on human health of the population living in the industrial area of Obiliç, who have to inhale that ash everyday.