Group Members: Adea Kelmendi, Anisa Bina, Fiona Podrima, Gemza Burgija, Gresa Zekaj
Ahmeti, Hysni. "Waste Management Report Dragash." N.p., 2010. Web. 12 Oct. 2012. <http://www.kosovo.undp.org>.
This is a report that talks about the waste management in Kosovo particularly Dragash. It is stated that waste management is regulated by the waste law which aims to protect human health as well as environment by reducing pollution, hazardous materials. This purpose was to be taken into consideration through waste management which would set conditions of preventing the environment and reducing hazardous waste trough the development of technology, use of certain cleaning products efficiently, the recovery of waste, use of waste as energy source, and restorations of waste.
Moreover, it was formed a strategic waste management plan which includes the examination of the waste management, the aims and mechanisms for waste management, orientation of the reproduction of waste and its treatment as well as the orientation for the disposal of waste, and so on.
Further, this report provides definitions of the important types of waste as well as general definitions of some important terms such as; what is waste, residue, waste management, recycling, and so on. Moreover, there is a classification of waste, its generation, areas which are in and out of service, as well as data collected of the revenues, which initiated investments in the waste management field.
Buzhala, M. (2012, August 30). Mbetjet industriale ngufatin kryeqytetin. Lajm Online. Retrieved October 25, 2012, from http://www.lajmonline.com/?nav=22.2&id=10010
This is a recent article written by Mentor Buzhala, which deals with the environmental situation of industrial wastes. It states that different construction companies in Prishtina, throw the industrial wastes in public spaces. The same is done by the citizens that do construction of their homes. However, Muhamet Gashi the chief of the Inspectorate of Prishtina admits that the industrial wastes present a big problem for Kosovo, however the situation has improved compared to the previous years.
Cakaj, Trandelina. "Projects." Energy Sector Clean Up and Land Reclamation Project. N.p., 15 Dec. 2007. Web. 12 Oct. 2012. <http://search.worldbank.org/wprocnotices/procdetails/OP00004623>.
This article talks about a project called “Kosovo Clean-Up and Land Reclamation Project” organized by KEK which was financed by International Development Association and intends to remove waste that KEK provides to the environment. The treatment includes removal of chemicals/wastes from the tank storage facilities, drums.
Moreover, the hazardous waste is shipped outside Kosovo to certified treatment facilities. This shipping procedure takes eight months to ship.
UNEP. (2004)"Kosovo Conflict Hot Spots Cleaned up." Unep. Retrived Web. 12 Oct. 2012. <http://reliefweb.int/report/serbia/kosovo-conflict-hot-spots-cleaned>.
This is not an official record, and it talks about two of the health-threatening environmental hot-spots between Serbia and Kosovo. The hot-spot of Serbia has been significantly reduced and as a result fresh water has been improved for thousands of people, as well as hazardous waste has been removed for treatment due to the strengths of environmental management.
Moreover, United Nations Environment Programme- UNEP arranged a clean-up programme which successfully examined and improved environmental security due to a situation of armed conflict between Kosovo and Serbia.
Bashkëjetojnë me mbeturinat. (2012, May 24). Kosovo News Network - Ballina. Retrieved October 11, 2012, from http://www.knninfo.com/?page=1,29,52779
This article describes the situation of pollution by the garbage in our country. Moreover, it also emphasizes that the pollution by the garbage is one of the main pollution problems in Kosovo. It is stated that this problem is not only present in Prishtina, but also in other cities. In addition, it is stated that the garbage can be found everywhere in the city. The article also discusses the initiative to collect the garbage and the importance of this initiative.
Beqiraj. A, (04.05.2011), “Sfidat e mjedisit ne Kosove”, Retrieved from ‘ www.lajme.shqiperia.com ’, ‘ http://lajme.shqiperia.com/lajme/artikull/iden/1047030921/titulli/Sfidat-e-mjedisit-ne-Kosove *’*
The article starts by stressing the lack of awareness of Kosovo citizens that a clean environment is the basis for good health. The author says “Kosovars know the importance of a good environment because they keep their property very clean, but what they don’t protect is everything outside their property.” To raise this awareness in younger generations, in the framework of Education Program, the Green Package was introduced.
This article talks about the many ways of environmental pollution that are present in Kosovo. It talks about things such as wastes as in garbage, to the lack of clean water for citizens. A study done in 2003 has shown that the lack of access to clean water has risen from 45% people lacking clean water in 2000, to 75% lacking clean water in 2003, which shows a drastic and a worrying increase in these figures. According to this article the European Union has provided a fund of 2 million dollars for a project which tackles the problem of air pollution from our old and lagging power plants.
Hesser, F. (2000, May 8). CNNfyi.com - Death, disease belie spring in Kosovo - May 8, 2000. CNN.com - Breaking News, U.S., World, Weather, Entertainment & Video News. Retrieved October 11, 2012, from http://archives.cnn.com/2000/fyi/news/05/08/kosovo/index.html
This is an article written by Fran Hesser in 2000. It discusses garbage pollution in Kosovo and the consequences it has. One of the biggest consequences is the outbreak of Tulameria disease from garbage. The author has written the article from his personal experiences in Kosovo, so he discusses the pollution he encountered during his trip to Kosovo. Therefore, he explains how this disease has had major consequences and that it has spread quickly due to the fact that it spreads through garbage.
Islami, J. (2011, August 8). Nxënësit planifikojnë sistem riciklimi për Kosovën. In Basic Education Program in Kosovo [Students plan of a recycling system for Kosovo]. Retrieved September 18, 2011, from USAID website:http://sq.bep-ks.org/?blog/?2011/?08/?08/?nxenesit-planifikojne-sistem-riciklimi-per-kosoven/
In this article the author, J. Ismaili, explains how public opinion plays a great role in the environmental issues. Based on the USAID's program for primary and secondary schools, the environmental awareness should be increased through the children of younger ages, firstly. They organized a competition on designing the best plastic bottle compressor, so that students can organize the plastic garbage in the schools and sell it to the recycling companies. This way USAID plans to educate a whole generation toward environmental issues, and increase their awareness about harmful activities in the environment.
Islami, J. (2011, October). USAID organizon konferencë për të filluar riciklimin në Kosovë. Retrieved from http://sq.bep-ks.org/blog/2011/10/24/usaid-organizon-konference-per-te-filluar-riciklimin-ne-kosove/
In this article the author tells us about a conference that has been held by USAID. This conference was about making people aware about toxic garbage's in rural areas of Kosovo.
this conference was supported by MASHT and MMPH the name of the conference was "basic education." Different NGO's and Municipalities came to an agreement that building recycling centers was something achievable.
Kosovo Environmental Protection Agency (2008), “The State of Waste in Kosovo 2008 Report” Retrieved on November 11, 2012 from ' http://www.ammk-rks.net/repository/docs/6State_of_Waste.pdf '
This report was published in 2008 and was conducted by the Kosovo Environmental Protection Agency in cooperation with the Ministry of Environmental and Spatial Planning. It presents statistics and different data on the generation of wastes in Kosovo which includes how the wastes are generated, where they come from, how much is generated and so on.
Lulaj, L. (2011). Mbeturinat, problem për kryeqytetasit. Zëri. Retrieved September 19, 2011, from
This is an article published in our daily newspaper "Zëri" called "Waste, a problem for people in the capital city".
The article discusses the problem of waste and the lack of containers to fulfill the needs of the citizens. Another problem discussed in this article is that of garbage being thrown everywhere (roads, parks, in front of the buildings) which is very harmful for the health of the people, especially in these periods of heat. The article includes also a short interview with the director of the company "Pastrimi"; a company collecting the waste in the city. Some opinions from citizens are also included in this article.
Kosovo State of the Environment Report is a report conducted in 2003 by the Ministry of Environment and Spatial Planning, giving a general picture about Kosovo in the year 2003 including geography and climate, population, economy, agriculture, water and etc.
It has a focus on environment and hazardous waste and materials, giving statistical information on the environmental pollution impact in the health of the citizens of Kosovo. All of the information is pointing us in the right direction, where do we have to go next and what do we have to do in order to clean the environment and create a healthier environment.
Mblidhen 20 mijë tonë mbeturina . (2012, May 24). Mblidhen 20 mijë tonë mbeturina << Lajme- Telegrafi. Retrieved October 11, 2012, from www.telegrafi.com/lajme/mblidhen-20-mije-tone-mbeturina-2-22626.html
This article was written in May, 2012. It describes the results of the initiative to clean Kosovo. The fact that 20 thousand tons of garbage has been collected emphasizes the fact of the big spread of garbage in our country. It also emphasizes the importance of taking initiatives in order to collect garbage, and clean up the environment.
Mbeturinat Industriale. (n.d.). Agjensioni per Mbrojtjen e Mjedisit te Kosoves. Retrieved October 24, 2012, from www.ammk-rks.net/repository/docs/Mbeturinat_industriale.pdf
This article includes a table where a list of hazardous wastes present in Kosovo, the location where these wastes are found and the quantity in which they can be found. The huge amounts of these wastes depict the severity of the situation of hazardous wastes. However, the table includes data only up to 2006.
(1999) Military Action,* {}Tim Youngs,{} {}Mark Oakes,{} {}Paul Bowers,{} {}Mick Hillyard. {}Library,{} {}Retrieved from*http://www.mendeley.com/research/the-war-in-kosovo-evidence-of-pollution-transport-in-the-balkans-during-operation-allied-force/
This article talks about the chemicals released in the atmosphere during the war (1999) in Kosovo, which include not only conventional pollutants, but also chemicals that are hazardous to health. This article can be very useful, especially because it talks about PCB(Polychlorinated biphenyl) which is a dangerous man-made chemical. PCB was banned in the US in 1979 because of its toxicity and black or yellow waxy solids. It has been used earlier in industrial and commercial applications including electrical, heat transfer, and hydraulic equipment; it is used as dielectric and coolant fluids, like transformers, capacitors and electric motors. However, it is still used in power transformers by KEK. Not many sources could be found about PCB use in Kosovo, as the use of this hazardous chemical is totally being ignored.
NATIONAL BACKGROUND REPORT ON ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH FOR KOSOVO (under UNSCR 1244) (2009) Retrieved November 05, 2012 from http://wbc-inco.net/attach/0_1Report_Kosovo_UNSCR1244.pdf
Kosovo1 has inherited a large number of environmental problems, accumulated for decades as a consequence of uncontrolled use of natural and mineral resources, high density of the population, and the presence of economic activities with a strong environmental impact, such as agriculture, electricity and mining, and urban dwelling coupled with high level of pollution. The tremendous environmental threatens and degradation are the main reason to established research resources to solve environmental problems in order to improve, protect and restore natural and man-made environment in Kosovo. In this context the main objective of this report is to provide a summary of research activities in the field of environment and identification of national research priorities in order to facilitate the interaction between the WBC INCO-NET, and EU member states in the European Research Area (ERA). This initiative is supported by the European Commission under the 7th Framework Programme for Research and Technological Development (FP7).
The report provides a brief overview of the environmental research in Kosovo. It includes key facts and figures concerning policy framework, as well as short overview of main drivers of environmental research, research infrastructure and main environmental sectors in Kosovo.
The consultation process started with data collection from environmental experts, academic research actors, and stakeholders continued with data review and analysis in order to identify key elements of environmental research position in Kosovo. The SWOT analysis technique was utilized to survey environmental research capacities.
The final Strategic Research Agenda identified a set of environmental research priorities for Kosovo selected from different environmental sectors and thematic issues driven by Environmental Strategy for Kosovo and Kosovo Environmental Action Plan 2006-2010 developed by the Ministry of Environment and Spatial Planning. The environment Strategic Research Agenda is intended to contribute to the shaping of future EU-WBC research co-operation through relevant European Commission research policies and funding programs in a way that meets the interests and actual needs of regional environmental research area.
1 Under
Statistical Office of Kosovo “ Municipal Waste Survey 2010 ” Retrieved on November 11, 2012 from ‘ http://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=household%20wastes%20kosovo&source=web&cd=7&cad=rja&ved=0CEIQFjAG&url=http%3A%2F%2Fesk.rks-gov.net%2FENG%2Fpublikimet%2Fdoc_download%2F996-municipal-waste-survey-2010&ei=Ri93UJ73Mein4gSFy4DgBA usg=AFQjCNGOY1SfsA3xOZxoR6jmn_9eO7K4QQ ‘
Statistical Agency of Kosovo, namely the Department of Agriculture and Environmental statistics, for the fourth time carried on with the Municipal Waste Survey.The purpose of this survey is to provide stable statistical data for municipal waste sector in Kosovo. The results presented in this publication provide a statistically significant source for the current state of this sector. All statistical instruments used to implement the survey are in line with the EU regulations and recommendations, including Kosovo Waste Law (No. 02/L-30).
Statistical Office of Kosova, (2010), “Survey on Industrial Waste”. Retrieved October, 25. 2012, http://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=1&cad=rja&ved=0CCgQFjAA&url=http%3A%2F%2Fesk.rks-gov.net%2FENG%2Fpublikimet%2Fdoc_download%2F991-survey-on-industrial-waste-2010-&ei=vT2JUOKHJYqj4gSMuoDoBQ&usg=AFQjCNEVHEjzLAvmGtSl3szrJbwPIjBcLA
This is a survey about the industrial waste in Kosovo. It is a about the hazardous and non-hazardous waste. This survey contains data on industrial waste the way it is generated and treated. To conduct the survey they conducted: questionnaire, survey sample, variables, time plane, and manual for the interviewers, and training of interviewers and construction of the database.
Definitions:
According to the survey industrial waste means generated by industry sector
Hazardous waste bring harm to the society and leads to risks to human health or/and the environment. But if managed appropriately it maybe can be contained. The characteristics are also that it is flammable or toxic.
Non – hazardous waste does not pose any risk to human health or the environment
THE STATE OF WASTE IN KOSOVO 2003 - 2004. (n.d.). Docstoc – Documents, Templates, Forms, Ebooks, Papers & Presentations. Retrieved October 24, 2012, from http://www.docstoc.com/docs/49891170/THE-STATE-OF-WASTE-IN-KOSOVO-2003---2004
This website provides a report for the state of wastes in Kosovo through the years 2003-2004. It also has sufficient tables and charts that provide evidence for the situation of wastes in the country. Moreover, this report is a guideline for waste management, since it provides policies and solutions on dealing with this environmental problem.
Van den Berg, K., Woerden, F., & Naber, H. (n.d.). Vlerësimi i kostos së degradimit mjedisor, rishikimi institucional dhe rishikimi i shpenzimeve publike për mjedisin. Analiza mjedisore e shtetit*. Retrieved October 9, 2012, from http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTKOSOVO/Resources/KosovoCEA_Alb.pdf*
This report analyzes the overall situation of environment in Kosovo. It was done by the World Bank. It starts by describing the situation and also giving the background to Kosovo's environmental situation. Furthermore, it also discusses the main pollutants and analyzes the pollution it emits. The report is divided into sections where each section is an analysis of the pollutants, the pollution they emit, the consequences and what can be done in order to change the situation. It also includes many useful charts, figures and tables which depict the situation and make it easier for us to visualize it. It focuses on wastes from the page 42.
Veselaj, T., Berisha, A., Hyseni, M., Balaj, I., & Kafexholli, B. (n.d.). The State of Waste in Kosovo 2008 Report. AMMK-RKS*. Retrieved October 9, 2012,from http://www.ammk-rks.net/repository/docs/6State_of_Waste.pdf*
This is a report written in 2009 about the situation of wastes in Kosovo. It was done by the Kosovo Environmental Protection Agency. It starts by introducing the definition and the main facts about wastes, the background and the classification of wastes. It continues by describing the state of waste pollution in our country. It describes the pollution from each kind of waste and how the land is polluted. The report also describes waste management.
PROVISIONAL INSTITUTIONS OF SELF-GOVERNMENT Ministry of Environment and Spatial Planning “Waste management is Kosovo” Retrieved October, 25 2012 from
< http://enrin.grida.no/htmls/kosovo/SoE/waste.htm >
Most landfills built before the 1999 conflict were built and managed well below accepted standards.About, 35% of the population lives in urban areas and are services by municipal waste companies. Donors such as the EAR (European Agency for Reconstruction), have supported and financed programs for rehabilitation and closure of old municipal landfills (or dumpsites) and the reconstruction of new ones. The new landfills are constructed in accordance with European Union standards, (geological, hydrological, topographical studies were undertaken), and there still remain problems associated with the lack of maintenance and especially on treating the leachate from the landfills.The general urban waste in kg per person in daily/monthly report in Kosovo, for year 2002 (based on data from waste companies enterprises).
By opening the workshop, the acting executive director of American Chamber of Commerce, Arian Zeka said that the industrial waste is a problem for environment, however at the same time they can be profitable as well, thus this was the objective of ACCK to initiate the discussion on trading the industrial waste.In the workshop, the representatives of private and public sector discussed over the past practices, categorization of waste and the way of treating them. The joint conclusion in the meeting was that this issue is not well regulated in the legal aspect and it should be treated by the respective ministries, as the industrial waste that can be profitable, if they are treated in appropriate way, they present high economic potential and they would be important generator of a considerable number of jobs and incomes, which could be used for rehabilitation of contaminated spaces. The participants emphasized as well the need to shorten the procedures of trading industrial waste.